πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε

ξένος, ὁ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] ξεῖνος (also freq. in Pi., N.7.61, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., S.OC33, al., E.IT 798 codd., El. 247), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ξέννος Hdn.Gr.2.302 ; scanned [pron. full] ¯ ?ξένοςX and written ξεῖνος in Theoc.28.6, 30.17: [dialect] Aeol. [comp] Sup. ξεννότατος Sch. Tz. in An. Ox. 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.).

I guest-friend, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, Od.1.313, etc. ;

ξεῖνοι δὲ.. εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος 15.196

;

ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός Il.6.215

;

ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι Od.1.187

;

φησὶ δ' Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι 17.522

; later freq. coupled with

φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος D.21.110

, cf. 18.46, X.An.2.1.5, Lys. 19.19 ;

βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. Pl.Men. 78d

.

2 of parties giving or receiving hospitality, Od.8.145, etc. ; mostly of the guest, opp. the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος ib. 543, etc. ; ἁ ξείνα the visitor, Theoc.2.154 ; of guests at a club, opp. σύνδειπνοι, PTeb.118.4 (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the host, Il.15.532, A.R.1.208, Ep.Rom.16.23, etc.: c. dat.,

ξεῖνός τινι Hdt.1.20

,22, cf. Th.2.13, X.An.1.1.10, etc. ; also ξ. τινός ib. 2.4.15.

II stranger, esp. wanderer, refugee (under the protection of Ζεὺς ξένιος), sts. coupled with

ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος Od.9.270

, cf. 8.546; with

πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε 6.208

.

III generally, stranger, foreigner, opp. ἔνδημος, Hes.Op. 225; opp. ἀστός, Pi.O.7.90, S.OC13, And.4.10, etc. ;

πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. Pi.I.1.51

, cf. A. Th. 924 (lyr.), Pl.Grg. 473d, etc. ; opp. ἐπιχώριος, Id.Men. 94d: coupled with μέτοικος, Th. 4.90, cf. IG12.39.53 ; with ἔπηλυς, Luc.Herm.24 ; opp. a member of the family, PMasp.169.10 (vi A. D.), etc.

b as a term of address to any stranger,

ὦ ξένε E. Ion 247

, Mosch.1.5, etc. ;

ὦ ξένη Pl.Smp. 204c

.

2 = βάρβαρος, at Sparta, Hdt.9.11,55.

IV hireling, Od.14.102 ; esp. mercenary soldier, IG12.949.89, X.An.1.1.10, D.18.152, etc. ;

ξ. ναυβάται Th.1.121

: rarely simply, ally, X.Lac. 12.3.

B as Adj. [full] ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον E.Supp.94), [dialect] Ion. [full] ξεῖνος, η, ον, foreign, not in Hom. (in the phrases

ξεῖνε πάτερ Od.7.28

,

ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι Il.24.202

, both words are Subst.) ; freq. in later writers,

ξείνα γαῖα Pi.P.4.118

codd.;

ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός S.OC 1256

; γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας ib. 1705 (lyr., cf. ξένη); ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί by foreign hands, Id.El. 1141 ; ξ. δόμοι, πόλις, etc., E.Ph. 339 (lyr.), 369, etc. ; of alien property,

ξ. ἄρουραι PMasp.295.22

(vi A.D.).

II c. gen. rei, strange to a thing, unacquainted with, ignorant of it,

ξ. τοῦ λόγου S.OT 219

, cf. AP4.3a.37 (Agath.);

ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας Ep.Eph.2.12

, cf. BGU405.12 (iv A. D.). Adv. ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως I am a stranger to the mode of speech, Pl.Ap. 17d ;

ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου Them. Or.21.253c

.

III strange, unusual,

λόγοι A.Pr. 688

(lyr.) ;

τιμωρίαι Ti.Locr.104d

;

ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον Arist.Rh. 1404b11

, cf. 1415a7 ;

οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται Epicur.Fr. 266

;

τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα Arist.Pol. 1336b34

;

ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι D.S.3.15

; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος I Ep.Pet.4.12 ;

διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. Ep.Hebr.13.9

;

ξ. δαιμόνια Act.Ap.17.18

: [comp] Sup.,

πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld.Herc.1251.5

;

ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα Luc.Cont.13

, etc. Adv.

ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld.P0.5.12

.

2 τοῦ πνεύματος.. ῥύσις ὡς -ωτάτη air as fresh as possible, Hp.Nat.Hom.9. (From ξένϝος, cf.

πρόξενϝος IG9(1).867

, Ξενϝάρης ib.869, Ξενϝοκλῆς, Ξένϝων, ib.4.315,348: hence it is improb. that the [dialect] Aeol. form was ξέννος.)

πτωχός, ή, όν (s. two prec. entries; Hom.+; PPetr III, 36a, 17f; 140a, 1; LXX; TestSol 10:12 C; TestJob; Test12Patr; JosAs 10:13; Philo, Hypoth. f. 1 [Eus., PE 8, 7, 6]; Joseph.; Tat. 6, 2)

① pert. to being economically disadvantaged, orig. ‘begging’ (s. πένης for a differentiation betw. the two words; note the juxtaposition in Ps 39:18; 69:6 al.), dependent on others for support, but also simply poor (as Mod. Gk. φτωχός) χήρα πτωχή Mk 12:42; cp. vs. 43; Lk 21:3. Mostly as subst. (Jos., Bell. 5, 570) opp. ὁ πλούσιος one who has more than enough (Pla., Tht. 24, 175a; Maximus Tyr. 1, 9a) Lk 6:20 (cp. vs. 24); Rv 13:16; 1 Cl 38:2; Hs 2:4.—Mt 26:11; Mk 14:7; Lk 14:13, 21; 16:20, 22; J 12:6, 8; Ro 15:26 (οἱ πτ. τῶν ἁγίων τῶν ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ, part. gen. On the other hand πτωχοί [in the sense of 2]=ἅγιοι: KHoll, SBBerlAk 1921, 937–39 and Ltzm., exc. on Ro 15:25); 2 Cor 6:10 (in wordplay w. πλουτίζειν); Gal 2:10; Js 2:2f, 6; B 20:2; D 5:2. οἱ πτ. τῷ κόσμῳ those who are poor in the world’s estimation Js 2:5 (opp. πλούσιοι ἐν πίστει). διδόναι (τοῖς) πτ. Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21; Lk 19:8; cp. 18:22; J 13:29; D 13:4. Pass. Mt 26:9; Mk 14:5; J 12:5.

② pert. to being thrust on divine resources, poor. At times the ref. is not only to the unfavorable circumstances of these people from an economic point of view; the thought is also that since they are oppressed and disillusioned they are in special need of God’s help, and may be expected to receive it shortly (cp. Od. 6, 207f πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε=all strangers and needy persons are wards of Zeus; LXX; HBruppacher, D. Beurteilung d. Armut im AT 1924; WSattler, D. Anawim im Zeitalter Jes. Chr.: Jülicher Festschr. 1927, 1–15; A Meyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 146ff; HBirkeland, ˓Ani u. ˓anāw in den Psalmen ’33; LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 76f; KSchubert, The Dead Sea Community ’59, 85–88; 137–39; AGelin, The Poor of Yahweh, ’64; FDanker, The Literary Unity of Mk 14:1–25: JBL 85, ’66, 467–72; s. πλοῦτος 1). The gospel is preached to them (Is 61:1) Mt 11:5; Lk 4:18; 7:22; 1 Cl 52:2 (Ps 68:33); Pol 2:3 (εἶπεν ὁ κύριος διδάσκων).

③ lacking in spiritual worth, fig. ext. of 1 (Tat. 6, 2 of humans ὁ μὲν πτωχός [in contrast to God]) οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 (cp. 1QM 14:7 עַנְוֵי רוּחַ; s. πνεῦμα 3b and Goodsp., Probs. 16f;; EBest, NTS 7, ’60/61, 255–58; SLégasse, NTS 8, ’61/62, 336–45 (Qumran); HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT I, ’66, 13; LKeck, The Poor among the Saints in Jewish Christianity and Qumran, ZNW 57, ’66, 54–78; add. lit. Betz, SM 111). The ‘messenger’ of the church at Laodicea, who says of himself πλούσιός εἰμι καὶ πεπλούτηκα, is termed πτωχός Rv 3:17. In 1 Cl 15:6, Ps 11:6 is quoted w. ref. to the situation in the Corinthian church.

④ pert. to being extremely inferior in quality, miserable, shabby (Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verb. 4 νοήματα; Iren. 2, 33, 5 [Hv I, 380, 2] of God οὐ … π. οὐδὲ ἄπορος) of the στοιχεῖα (w. ἀσθενής) Gal 4:9. Of the grace of God πτωχὴ οὐκ ἐγενήθη did not turn out to be shabby 1 Cor 15:10 v.l. (this is in keeping with the Aristotelian view that exceptional generosity produces exceptional results Aristot., EN 4, 2, 19).—JRoth, The Blind, the Lame, and the Poor etc. diss. Vanderbilt 1994. B. 782; 784. TRE IV s.v. ‘Armut’, 69–121. DELG s.v. πτήσσω III. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

πτωχός, ή, όν, also ός, όν A.Ag. 1274, S.OC 444, 751:—

A beggar, Od. 14.400, 18.1, Hdt.3.14, etc.;

πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε Od.6.208

, cf. 17.475;

πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει Hes.Op.26

;

π. ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθών Od.21.327

;

π. καὶ ἀλήμονες ἄνδρες 19.74

;

πτωχοὺς ἀλᾶσθαι E.Med. 515

;

πτωχοῦ βίος ζῆν ἐστιν μηδὲν ἔχοντα, τοῦ δὲ πένητος ζῆν φειδόμενον Ar.Pl. 552

: prov.,

πτωχοῦ πήρη οὐ πίμπλαται Call.Fr. 360

: πτωχή beggar-woman, Ath.10.453a (so πτωχός (fem.), S.OC 444);

χήρα πτωχή Ev.Marc.12.42

.

2 metaph.,

οἱ π. τῷ πνεύματι Ev.Matt.5.3

, cf. Ev.Luc.6.20.

II as Adj., beggarly,

πτωχῷ διαίτῃ S.OC 751

;

π. στοιχεῖα Ep.Gal.4.9

: c. gen., beggared of, poor in, [

πηγὴ] π. νυμφῶν AP9.258

(Antiphan.).

2 [comp] Comp.

πτωχότερος Timocl.6.10

; prov., π. κίγκλου 'as poor as a church mouse', Men.221; irreg.

πτωχίστερος Ar.Ach. 425

: [comp] Sup.

πτωχότατος AP10.50

(Pall.).

3 Adv. - χῶς poorly, scantily,

ἠροτρία π. μέν, ἀλλ' ἀναγκαίως Babr.55.2

.